As part of its commitment for entry into WTO in December 2001, China started the Compulsory Product Certification System on Dec 7, 2001 to unify the technical regulations, certification standards and conformity assessment, and published First Catalogue of Products Subject to Compulsory Certification.

First Catalogue of Products Subject to Compulsory Certification ( 2001-12-3 )
1. Electrical wires and cable ( total 5 categories )
2. Switches for circuits, Installation protective and connection devices ( 6 categories )
3. Low-voltage Electrical Apparatus ( 9 categories )
4. Small power motor ( 1 category )
5. Electric tools ( 16 categories )
6. Welding machines ( 15 categories )
7. Household and similar electrical appliances ( 18 categories )
8.  Audio and video apparatus ( not including the acoustics apparatus for broadcasting service and automobiles )( 16 categories )
9. Information technology equipment ( 12 categories )
10. Lighting apparatus ( 2 categories )
11. Telecommunication Terminal equipment ( 9 categories )
12. Motor vehicles and Safety Parts ( 4 categories )
13. Motor vehicle Tyres ( 3 categories )
14. Safety Glasses ( 3 categories )
15. Agricultural Machinery ( 1 category )
16. Latex Products ( 1 category )
17. Medical Devices ( 7 categories )
18. Fire Fighting Equipment ( 3 categories )
19. Detectors for Intruder Alarm Systems ( 1 category )

The term Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is defined by China national standard <Terminology for Electromagnetic Compatibility (GB4765-1995)> as: The ability of a device or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment.

Electromagnetic compatibility ensures the operation reliability of electrical/electronic products, it is also related to the living environment and the national safety.

China Law of Standardization requires in Article 7: National standards and trade standards shall be classified into compulsory standards and voluntary standards. Those for safeguarding human health and ensuring the safety of the person and of property and those for compulsory execution as prescribed by the laws and administrative rules and regulations shall be compulsory standards, the others shall be voluntary standards.

Most China standards on EMC are compulsory standards, those products covered by EMC standards must be inspected in EMC.

The requirements and test standards of EMC test of electrical and electronic products
1. Low-voltage Electrical Apparatus---switch and control Equipment
GB14048.2-1994<low-voltage circuit-breakers > ;GB14048.4-1993 <low-voltage electromechanical contactors and motor starters >;GB14048.5-1993 <control circuit devices and switching elements part 1: control circuit devices> ;GB14048.6-1998 <Contactors and motor starters part 2 AC semi-conductors, motor control devices and starters> ;GB14048.9-1998 <Multi-functional electrical devices part 2: control and protective electrical devices >;GB14048.10-1999 <Control circuit devices and switch elements part 2>.

2. Installation Protective Equipment
GB16916.1-1997<Residual current operated circuit-breakers without over-current protection for household and similar use (RCCB) part 1: General rules. >
GB16917.1-1997<Residual current operated circuit-breakers with over-current protection for household and similar use (RCBO) part 1: General rules >
GB6829-1995<General requirements for residual current operated protective devices>

3. Electric tools
GB4343-1995: The EMC type testing of terminal disturbance voltage and disturbance power shall be carried out according to the National Standard GB 4343-1995.
GB17625.1-1998: The test of harmonic current emissions is carried out according to the National Standard GB 17625.1-1998.
Test items for EMC: 1) 0.15MHz~30MHz radio continuous disturbance voltage (GB4343-1995); 2) 30MHz~300MHz radio continuous disturbance power (GB4343-1995); 3) Limits for the harmonic current emissions (GB17625.1-1998).

4. Household and Similar Use Appliances
Test items for EMC: 1) 0.15MHz~30MHz radio continuous disturbance voltage (GB4343-1995); 2) 30MHz~300MHz radio continuous disturbance power (GB4343-1995); 3) 0.15MHz~30MHz radio discontinuous disturbance voltage (GB4343-1995); 4) Limits for the harmonic current emissions (GB17625.1-1998)

5. Audio & Video products
GB13837-1997: Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference characteristics of sound and television broadcast receivers an associated equipment.
GB17625.1-1998: The limits for the harmonic current emissions caused by low-voltage electrical and electronic equipments (equipment input current< = 16A per phase).
GB13836-2000: Cables distribution systems for television and sound signals-part 2: Electromagnetic compatibility of equipment.

6. Audio and Video Apparatus-Equipment and Components for Cable Distribution Systems of Sound and Television Signals
The test items for EMC are specified in GB13836 as following: 1) Disturbance voltage at the mains terminals; 2) Input terminal disturbance voltage; 3) Radiation in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 GHz and 1 GHz to 25 GHz; 4) Local oscillator power at the outdoor unit input.

7. Audio and Video Apparatus-Satellite Television Receivers (EMC)
Test standards: 1) GB13837: Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference characteristics of sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment; 2) GB17625.1: The limits for the harmonic current emissions caused by low-voltage electrical and electronic equipments (equipment input current < = 16A per phase).
Test items: 1) Disturbance voltage at the mains terminals; 2) Disturbance voltage at the antenna terminals; 3) Wanted signal and disturbance voltage at the RF output terminal; 4) Radiated disturbance; 5) Radiated power; 6) Disturbance power; 7) Harmonic current.

8. Information Technology Equipments
Test standards: 1) GB9254-1998 Information Technology Equipment -Radio Disturbance Characteristics -Limits and Methods of Measurement. 2) GB17625.1-1998 The Limits For the Harmonic Current Emissions Caused by Low-voltage Electronic Equipments (Equipment Input Current < = 16A per Phase). The test items for EMC shall include all appropriate items specified in standards GB9254 and GB17625.1 as follows: 1) Disturbance voltage at mains part; 2) Radiated disturbance; 3) Harmonic current.

9. Information Technology Equipments-Finance and Trade Settlement Equipments(EMC)
Test standards: GB9254: Information technology equipment -Radio disturbance characteristics -Limits and methods of measurement .The test items for EMC are specified in GB9254 as following: 1) Mains terminal disturbance voltage; 2) Radiated disturbance.

10. Telecommunication Terminal Equipments
Test standard: 1) GB9254-1998 Information Technology Equipment--Radio Disturbance Characteristics-Limits and Methods of Measurement. 2) YD1103 Requirements and Measurement Methods of Electromagnetic Compatibility for Cordless Telephone. 3) YD1032 Limits and Measurement Methods of Electromagnetic Compatibility for 900/1800MHz Digital Cellular Telecommunications System Part1: Mobile Station and Ancillary Equipment. 4) YD1169.1 Requirement and Measurement Method of Electromagnetic Compatibility for 800MHz CDMA Digital Cellular Telecommunications System Part 1: Mobile Station and Ancillary Equipment.
Testing items for EMC:
GB9254: Radiated emissions; Conducted emissions.
YD1103: Radiated emissions; Conducted emissions; Harmonic current; Voltage fluctuations and flicker; Conducted spurious emissions; Radiatedspurious emissions; Electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity; Radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity; Electric fast transient/burst immunity; Immunity to conducted disturbance, induced by radio-frequency fields; Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity; Power frequency magnetic field immunity.
YD1032: Conducted spurious emissions; Radiated spurious emissions; Radiated emissions ; Conducted emissions; Electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity; Radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity; Electric fast transient/burst immunity; Surge immunity ; Immunity to conducted disturbance, induced by radio-frequency fields; Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variationsimmunity.
YD1169.1: Conducted spurious emissions; Radiated spurious emissions; Radiated emissions; Conducted emissions; Harmonic current (AC mains inputport); Voltage fluctuations and flicker (AC mains input port); Electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity; Radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity; Electric fast transient/burst immunity; Surge immunity; Immunity to conducted disturbance, induced by radio-frequency fields; Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity.

11. Vehicle Products
Test standards: GB 14023-2000 Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference characteristics of vehicles, motor boats and spark-ignited engine-driving devices. Test items and requirements: Radio interference characteristics should meet the requirements of GB 14023-2000.

12.  Motorcycle
Test standards: GB 14023-2000 Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference characteristics of vehicles, motor boats and spark-ignited engine-driving devices.
Test items and requirements: Radio interference characteristics should meet the requirements of GB 14023-2000.

13. Fire Alarm Products
Point type smoke fire detector meets the requirements of GB4715-1993. The test itemsinclude Electrostatic discharge, Radiated electromagnetic fields, and Electrical transient bursts.
Point type heat fire detector meets the requirements of GB4716-1993. The test itemsinclude Electrostatic discharge, Radiated electromagnetic fields, and Electrical transient bursts.
Control and indicating equipment (c.i.e) meets the requirements of GB4717-1993. The test items include Electrical transient bursts, Electrostatic discharge, and Radiated electromagnetic fields.
Integrated fire control equipment meets the requirements of GB16806-1997. The test items include Electrical transient bursts, Electrostatic discharge, and Radiated electromagnetic fields.

14. Detectors for Intruder Alarm Systems
Active infrared intrusion detectors meet the requirements of GB 10408.1, GB 10408.4, GB 16796.
Passive infrared detectors for use in buildings meet the requirements of GB 10408.1, GB 10408.5, GB 16796.
Microwave Doppler detectors for use in buildings meet the requirements of GB 10408.1, GB 10408.3, GB 16796.
Combination microwave and passive infrared intrusion detector meet the requirements of GB 10408.1, GB 10408.6, GB 16796.
Here: GB 10408.1 Detectors for intruder alarm systems part 1: Requirements for detectors?aGeneral; GB 10408.3 Detectors for intruder alarm systems part 3: Microwave Doppler detectors for use in buildings; GB 10408.4 Detectors for intruder alarm systems part 4: Active infrared intrusion detectors; GB 10408.5 Detectors for intruder alarm systems part 5:
Passive infra-red detectors for use in buildings; GB 10408.6 Combination microwave and passive infrared intrusion detector; GB 16796 Safety requirements and test methods for security alarm equipment.

15. Lighting Electrical Appliances
Test standards: 1) GB17743-1999 Limit and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment. 2) GB17625.1-1998 The limits for the harmonic current emissions caused by low-voltage electrical and electronic equipments( equipment input current < = 16A per phase).
Test items: 1) Insertion loss; 2) Disturbance voltages; 3) Radiated electromagnetic disturbances; 4) Harmonic current (emission).

China Law of Standardization requires in Article 4: The State shall encourage the active adoption of international standards.
Almost all EMC standards quote from these international standards:
1) CISPR publishments
2) IEC61000 series by IEC/TC77

China has published a series of EMC standards since last 90's and keeps in pace with international standard development.

China's standardization has taken a positive action on promoting compulsory product certification, dispelling trading barrier, improving economic environment.

China has two technical consultant committees on EMC standardization, one is Technical Committee of Radio Disturbance responsible for IEC/CISPR, another is Technical Committee of EMC responsible for IEC/TC77.

Increasing Acquaintance by China Enterprises with EMC
Besides compulsory product certification, more and more enterprises apply for voluntary product certification. Voluntary certification is a variation of product certification in China, and is encouraged by the government. In order to bring the products into global market, many enterprises purchased test apparatus to improve product quality, especially those expensive EMC test instruments.

For introducing EMC standard and knowledge, Chinese academic organizations, the test organizations, universities and EMC test equipment manufactories (for example, Shanghai Sanki Electronic Industries Co., Ltd.) hold many relevant EMC technical seminar. The production business enterprise of the electronic and electrical products responds to these activity warmly and think that to raise the ability of test and handling is very useful.

Many universities set up EMC program for students and post-students. Many EMC laboratories were established to serve for product quality supervision and test services.

We can predict that more and more made-in-China products of good quality will enter the global market. We look forward to effective cooperation with friends from all over the world in product development.